Ancient history is preserved through Adaawx, true tellings of territorial origins and the acts of animal spirits, and Malesk, historical adventure tales. Adaawx are told in current language, but they often contain limx’oy, ancient songs and laments that retain the original language in which they were composed thousands of years ago.

When limx’oy are sung with a rattle, when they are sung in a quiet way, you can feel something in your life. You can hear the brook, hear the river run, feel the air of the mountain. This is what the memorial song is, to bring your memory back into that territory. And it goes on for many thousands of years.

The ancient law of the territory is the Ayaawx, with principles for spiritual, social, political, and economic relations, taught both directly and indirectly in daily and ceremonial living.